Abstract: Based on survey data obtained from nine forest communities (20 m×30 m), the species richness and α and β diversity indices were used to quantify the bryophyte species diversity in different forest types of the ancient rock stream periglacial landform in the Liaoning Eastern Mountains, with the influencing factors determined by Pearson Correlation. The results suggested that epiphytic bryophytes in the periglacial landforms consisted of 26 families, 46 genera, and 59 species. The α diversity and species richness indices of the rock and tree epiphytic bryophytes were ranked dark coniferous forest > theropencedrymion > broad-leaved deciduous forest. For the rock epiphytic bryophytes, the highest β diversity was found in the broad-leaved deciduous and theropencedrymion forests (0.44), whereas the lowest β diversity was found in the broad-leaved and dark coniferous forests (0.33). For the tree epiphytic bryophytes, the highest β diversity was recorded in the theropencedrymion and dark coniferous forests (0.40), whereas the lowest β diversity was recorded in the broad-leaved and dark coniferous forests (0.25). Correlation analysis showed that canopy and altitude were the most important ecological factors affecting the species diversity of the epiphytic bryophytes in the ancient rock stream periglacial landform of the Liaoning East Mountains.