Abstract: In this paper we preliminary investigate Aspicilia lichens distribution area,flora characteristics according to the many years’ results on the spot investigation and research report of the other people.As the results shows that,there are 33 different lichens species of genus Aspicilia distributed in Xinjiang,and they mainly distributed on Altay mountain,Tianshan,Kunlun mountain and Zhonggar basin.At the same time,according to the Aspicilia lichens adaptation characteristics and selection of environment,we divided these species into following seven geographical groups:wide distributed species;circumpolar arctic alpine species;circompolar low artic and boreal species;north American arctic species;middle Asia species;endemic species of China and species with unclear ranges species.We also divided them into following three geographical distribution area:Euro Asia forest sub region Asia desert sub region and Qinghai Tibet plateau sub region.