Abstract: Using Jiangxi Yanshan red bud taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott var. cormosus ‘Hongyayu’) plantlets as materials, an in vitro two-step micro-propagation system for red bud taro corm segments was studied in this paper, and the morphology, cytology, physiology, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of its plantlets were also observed and detected.Results showed that: (1) The best single bud induction medium for red bud taro corm segments was MS + KT 2 mg/L + 6-BA 1 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L. After 30 days, single buds induced from corm segments were separated and transferred onto the rooting medium (MS + KT 2 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L) and were able to grow into complete plants. After 30 days, red bud taro plantlets were removed and transplanted, and the survival rate reached more than 98%. (2) There were no significant differences in morphological indexes, photosynthetic characteristics, leaf epidermis stomatal parameters, chromosome numbers, physiological and biochemical indexes, photosynthetic characteristics parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics among regenerated plantlets from single bud corm segments, regenerated plantlets from multiple buds or plantlets regenerated from adventitious buds. Therefore, the two-step micro-propagation in vitro system for red bud taro corm segments was able to ensure genetic stability, and provides a theoretical reference for Jiangxi Yanshan red bud taro factory production.