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袁晓初, 张弯弯, 王发国, 王永淇, 郭亚男, 徐蕾. 广东省湿地维管植物资源现状及保护利用[J]. 植物科学学报, 2018, 36(2): 211-220. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20211
引用本文: 袁晓初, 张弯弯, 王发国, 王永淇, 郭亚男, 徐蕾. 广东省湿地维管植物资源现状及保护利用[J]. 植物科学学报, 2018, 36(2): 211-220. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20211
Yuan Xiao-Chu, Zhang Wan-Wan, Wang Fa-Guo, Wang Yong-Qi, Guo Ya-Nan, Xu Lei. Current status and conservation strategies of wetland plants in Guangdong Province, China[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2018, 36(2): 211-220. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20211
Citation: Yuan Xiao-Chu, Zhang Wan-Wan, Wang Fa-Guo, Wang Yong-Qi, Guo Ya-Nan, Xu Lei. Current status and conservation strategies of wetland plants in Guangdong Province, China[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2018, 36(2): 211-220. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2018.20211

广东省湿地维管植物资源现状及保护利用

Current status and conservation strategies of wetland plants in Guangdong Province, China

  • 摘要: 在对广东省湿地植被全面踏查的基础上,分析湿地植物资源现状并提出保护和利用对策。结果显示,广东省湿地维管植物共有96科240属352种,大部分为被子植物,其中含属数和种数较多的科有菊科、禾本科,含种数较多的属有莎草属Cyperus、蓼属Polygonum、母草属Lindernia、簕竹属Bambusa。出现频率较高的物种主要有喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.、凤眼蓝Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms、象草Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.、大薸Pistia stratiotes L.、铺地黍Panicum repens L.等。从生活型来看,多年生草本植物占总种数的71.59%,居主要优势;从生态类群来看,湿生植物占总种数的43.47%,居主要优势;从植物来源来看,本地物种占总种数的90.63%,居主要优势。入侵植物有41种,占总种数的11.66%。已开发利用的植物资源共204种,占总种数的57.63%。随着城市化进程的加快,开垦、采砂、排污等人为活动以及外来物种入侵使湿地环境遭到破坏,植物种类大大减少;用于园林绿化和净化污水的植物种类较少且多为外来种。建议合理开发湿地资源,加强外来物种的监控,多利用本地植物资源进行园林绿化和净化污水。

     

    Abstract: Guangdong Province is an abundant region in wetland plant species. The current status of wetland plants in Guangdong Province was analyzed systematically by field surveys and voucher specimens checking. Results showed there were 352 species belonging to 240 genera and 96 families in Guangdong, most of which were angiosperms. Families with the most genera and species were Compositae and Poaceae, and genera with the most species were Cyperus, Polygonum, Lindernia, and Bambusa. The highest frequency species included Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., Pistia stratiotes L., and Panicum repens L. For life forms, the proportion of perennial herbaceous plants was dominant and reached 71.59%; for ecological groups, the proportion of hygrophytes was dominant and reached 43.47%; for plant sources, the proportion of local species was dominant and reached 90.63%. Moreover, among the total species, there were 41 invasive plants accounting for 11.66% of the total species, and 204 exploitable plants accounting for 57.63%. The acceleration of urbanization and artificial activities such as reclamation, sand mining, and sewage disposal, combined with the invasion of alien species, have resulted in the serious destruction of the wetland environment and the subsequent decrease in wetland plant species. A few species have been applied in landscaping and sewage purification; however, most of them have been alien species. This situation is ill-matched with the rich wetland plant resources. It is suggested that wetland resources should be exploited rationally, exotic species should be monitored, and local native plants should be applied in landscaping and sewage purification.

     

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