Abstract: The rapid development of landscape genetics provides innovative concepts and methodologies for evolutionary biology research in heterogeneous systems. This paper focused on the current application of circuit theory in plant landscape genetics. We demonstrated the theoretical framework of the model, explored the ecological meaning of the core concepts, and reviewed the related literature on three aspects: research theme, method and model validation. The advantages and limitations of this theory were summarized. We found the theory to be suitable for research on plant landscape genetics based on: (1) inclusion of multiple pathways enabling comparison and identification of critical habitats and corridors; (2) insensitivity for HW equilibrium and cell size making the model robust; and (3) no prior knowledge for intermediate habitat and broad range (or irregular range shape) prerequisite coinciding with many plant species. The theory has two premises: random walk and isotropic dispersal. Plants dispersing through a biotic agent may be less suitable for the circuit theory. Application in ecosystems with direct dispersal also needs prudence. Considering the prospect of circuit theory in plant landscape genetics, we argue a more rigorous model based on sophisticated consideration for research theme, species behavior, spatial scale, and system character.