Abstract: The Rhododendron simiarum elfin forest are common in plain hilltops and ridges with small area but wide distribution in subtropic of south China.The Rhododendron simiarum elfin forest is a topographic climax and semizonal vegetation type.It reflects the subtropical climate of an altitude of 1000-2000 metres above sea level in south China and the influence of partical ecological factors and accidental factors such as topography on hilltop.Author explained this phytocoenological character,ecological and economic efficiency of this forest type.