Abstract: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was assessed in 35 accessions of Ser. Chrysantha Chang (Camellia, Sect. Chrysantha) collected from China, including 14 species and 1 variety following Flora of China and other 7 species being controversial in taxonomy. Four primer combinations E-ACG/M-CAG,E-ACG/M-CTG,E-AGG/M-CTG and E-AGG/M-CAT were used for selective amplification, from which Eco RⅠ primers were fluorescent dye-labeled. A total of 298 fragments were detected, in which 278 are polymorphic. We analyzed the AFLP data using Nei & Li similarity coefficient and UPGMA Cluster method. The result suggested that (1) C. huana was a distinctive species; (2) C. longgangensis, C. longruiensis, C. ptilosperma, and C. grandis should be merged into C. flavida .; (3) C. chrysanthoides, C. micrantha, C. xiashiensis and C. parvipetala are closely related and probably conspecific.