Abstract: Germination rates under different treatments were examined on the seeds of two populations of Oryza rufipogon Griff.from Dongxiang in Jiangxi Province and Chaling in Hunan.Effects of water depths on seed germination and seedling survival were also examined.The results showed that seed germination rate was greatly increased by the treatments of alternating temperature, peeling off the hull and/or the seed coat, or removing 1/4 of the endosperm.Water depth of 0～5 cm enhanced both seed germination and seedling survival.There was significant difference in germination rate of the seeds from the two populations, indicating a genetic difference between them.