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曾汉元, 丁炳扬. 蕨类植物孢子萌发及原叶体发育的观察[J]. 植物科学学报, 2004, 22(4): 368-371.
引用本文: 曾汉元, 丁炳扬. 蕨类植物孢子萌发及原叶体发育的观察[J]. 植物科学学报, 2004, 22(4): 368-371.
ZENG Han-Yuan, DING Bing-Yang. Observations on the Spore Germination and Prothallium Development of Ferns[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2004, 22(4): 368-371.
Citation: ZENG Han-Yuan, DING Bing-Yang. Observations on the Spore Germination and Prothallium Development of Ferns[J]. Plant Science Journal, 2004, 22(4): 368-371.

蕨类植物孢子萌发及原叶体发育的观察

Observations on the Spore Germination and Prothallium Development of Ferns

  • 摘要: 以腐叶土为培养基质,对21种蕨类植物进行了孢子萌发和原叶体发育的研究,结果表明:1不同时期播种的同种蕨类的孢子,发育出原叶体和幼孢子体所历经的时间长短不同;2孢子萌发和配子体生长发育的适宜温度约为15~24℃;3稀有蕨类的孢子萌发率低,而在野外能形成较大种群的蕨类的孢子萌发率高;4用GA3处理孢子可以促进萌发;5当原叶体上长出幼孢子体时,原叶体由大变小,由绿变黄,21种蕨类的原叶体都在幼孢子体上长出第3片叶时消失;6幼孢子体上长出的第1、2片叶在形态上与以后长出的叶不同;7孢子萌发需要光;81片原叶体尽管有多个颈卵器,但仅发育出1株幼孢子体;9利用腐叶土进行蕨类孢子繁殖是一种经济实用的繁殖方法。

     

    Abstract: The spore germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are studied. It indicates that:①the development period of prothallium and young sporophyte of the same species is different due to seeding time of spores; ②the optimal temperatures of spores germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are about 15-24℃; ③the rate of spore germination of rare ferns is much lower than the ferns which occur large populations in nature; ④the treatment with GA3 can accelerate the germination of the spores; ⑤the prothallium changes from large to small, green to yellow when young sporophyte comes out. The prothalliums of all 21 ferns die away after the appear of the 3rd leaf of sporophytes; ⑥shapes of the 1st and 2nd leaves of the young sporophyte are different from those emerged later; ⑦spores cultured in dark can not germinate; ⑧a prothallium can develop only one young sporophyte though it has many archegoniums, and the spore propagation with leaf mould substrate is an economical method.

     

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