Abstract: Genetic diversity and differentiation of populations of Thuidium cymbifolium between 3 planted spruce stands(PSS) and 3 naturally regenerated stands(NRS) were compared using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) marker.For PSS and NRS,the average percentage of polymorphic loci(PPL=12.7%,10.0%),Nei’s genetic diversity(H_E = 0.042,0.027) and Shannon’s information index(S=0.064,0.043) were revealed by POPGENE,respectively.The results of population differentiation among the populations from PSS(G_st=0.592,F_st=0.639) and NRS(G_st=0.702,F_st= 0.695),together with the results of UPGMA cluster analysis and of principal components analysis showed that gene flow between populations was limited.AMOVA revealed a significantly higher level of population genetic diversity existed in PSS than that in NRS,which indicated that artificial reforestation after forest clearcut was effective in promoting the recovery of genetic diversity of the recolonized moss species.