Abstract: The chromosomes of 18 populations of Viola inconspicua Blume polyploid complex were observed. The chromosome numbers of 4 populations were 2n= 4x= 24,and 14 populations were 2n= 8x= 48.The distribution of tetraploid and octaploid populations of V.inconspicua is discussed,as is the origin of octaploid and the reason for the distribution is conjectured.