Abstract: In order to increase Pinus pumila seed viability, five treatments, namely, water soak, NaOH solution soak, PEG6000 (PEG, polyethylene glycol) solution soak, low-temperature, absorption of water and desiccation treatments, were used to explore factors that affect the viability of Pinus pumila seeds. Groups of each factor were tested under different concentrations, durations and temperatures, with indigo dyeing applied to measure seed viabilities. Results showed that the PEG6000 solution soak at 10% concentration, initial temperature of 60℃, and 36 h of soaking showed the most improved seed viability. Water soaking also enhanced the viability of the Pinus pumila seeds, as well as cryogenics and absorption of water and desiccation treatments. NaOH solution with concentrations of 4%-12% lowered seed viability. Testing revealed that the PEG6000 treatment was the most effective method for improving the viability of Pinus pumila, which can be applied to the cultivation and better utilization of Pinus pumila.