Abstract: In this paper, SSR molecular marker and composite sampling approaches were employed to perform PCR amplification for 33 DNA samples of Camellia. 10 SSR primer pairs that produced good amplification patterns from a total of 20 SSR primer pairs were screened and the genetic diversities and correlations among the 33 Camellia varieties were analyzed. A total of 123 alleles were detected in the 33 Camellia varieties from the 10 screened primer pairs. The number of alleles at each SSR locus ranged from 3 to 22, with a mean of 12.3; the average PIC was 0.76, ranging from 0.06 to 0.96. The highest number of alleles detected by primer SSR2 was 22. By employing the genetic similarity matrix, in combination with UPGMA cluster analysis, the 33 Camellia could be classified into 9 groups, which showed good phylogenetic relationships and provided a theoretical foundation for enhancing breeding efficiency. In addition, 42 special alleles on 10 microsatellite loci from different flower types of Camellia were detected, which might be related to traits of Camellia flower type.