Abstract: To better understand the species diversity of the lichen genusAcarospora A. Massal. in China, specimens collected from three provinces of NW and SW China (Gansu, Xinjiang, and Tibet) were studied using traditional taxonomy and molecular methods. Acarospora bullata Anzi is reported as a new record for China. Further taxonomic and phylogenetic studies were conducted with certain species in the genus, including A. nodulosa (Dufour) Hue and A. pulvinata H. Magn. Morphological and anatomical characters as well as ITS sequences for the three species mentioned above were determined. This work will contribute to the compilation of the Lichen Flora of China-Acarosporaceae, by providing new and more detailed information.