Advances in studies on carotenoids in Camellia sinensis

Carotenoids, which are important photosynthetic pigments widely distributed in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze., exhibit many physiological functions such as light protection and oxidation. Furthermore, as precursors of plant hormones such as abscisic acid, strigolactone, and carlactone, carotenoids fulfill a variety of important functions and components related to tea leaf shape, color, aroma, and quality. This article summarizes the recent advances in the study of carotenoids in tea, including the metabolism, components, accumulation, and biosynthesis pathways of carotenoids in tea. We also discuss future directions for research on carotenoids, thus providing a theoretical basis for further study on carotenoid metabolism and functions in Camellia.