Genome-wide identification and analysis of the GRF transcription factor family in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

A total of 18 GRF transcription factors were identified from the Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) Lehaie) genome by bioinformatics, with their physiological and chemical characteristics, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationship, miR396 binding sites, and expression patterns also determined. Results showed that the length of the 18 GRF transcription factor proteins ranged from 170 to 551 aa and the molecular weights ranged from 18.5 to 58.8 kD. All 18 PeGRF proteins possessed two highly conserved regions (QLQ and WRC domains), with some PeGRF proteins also possessing FFD and TQL conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis of the GRF transcription factors from Moso bamboo, Arabidopsis, and rice showed that the Moso bamboo GRF transcription factors were divided into three groups; furthermore, the GRF transcription factors exhibited strong homology, especially between Moso bamboo and rice. In addition, probable Moso bamboo miR396 binding sites were found in 13 PeGRF genes. Expression analysis showed that all PeGRF genes were expressed predominantly in actively growing and developing tissues, such as young bamboo shoots. This research provides a reference for further functional analysis of GRF transcription factors in Moso bamboo.