Abstract: Myricaria laxiflora, a rare and endangered species endemic to the Yangtze River Basin, holds critical ecological importance within riparian ecosystems. This study investigated three newly discovered wild populations of M. laxiflora distributed upstream and downstream of the Three Gorges Dam, aiming to assess their demographic status, survival patterns, and population dynamics. Based on extensive field surveys and quantitative analyses, including static life table construction, survival curve modeling, and time-series predictions, the population was classified as a growth type, although showing signs of potential decline. High juvenile mortality and limited seedling recruitment emerged as key constraints on population persistence. Population dynamic indices (V_pi and V´_pi) were greater than 0, indicating positive growth potential, but also revealed high sensitivity to environmental disturbances. The survival curves exhibited characteristics intermediate between Deevey Type Ⅰ and Deevey Type Ⅱ models. Survival analysis and predictive modeling underscored the impact of seedling deficiency and early-stage mortality on population recruitment and demographic stability. Wild populations face serious threats from anthropogenic pressures, such as flooding, sand dredging, deforestation, grazing, and land conversion. Effective conservation of M. laxiflora requires integrated strategies encompassing habitat protection, seedling augmentation, public engagement, and the establishment of designated conservation zones to safeguard its long-term viability.